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My paternal grandfather, George Clinton Van Allen, was one of 11 children of Cornelius and Lory Ann Van Allen, the former a ship builder in Pillar Point, New York, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario. My mother grew up near Eddyville, Iowa, on a small farm which her father had inherited from his father who had moved from Ohio to Iowa in the mid-1840s. I was born to Alfred Morris and Alma Olney Van Allen on the 7th of September 1914, the second of their four sons, in Mount Pleasant (population then about 3000), Iowa, the county seat of Henry County. Some of this account is abridged from my monograph Origins of Magnetospheric Physics (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983), but most of it is not.
My account is a personal one and does not include references to primary sources as would a proper scholarly paper.
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In accepting the invitation of Editor Wetherill of the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences to write an autobiographical account of my career as a space scientist, I did so with a full realization of the diversity and individualism of those who belong to the fraternal order of space scientists.
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The personal and professional backgrounds of space scientists are diverse, as is commonly the case in new and interdisciplinary fields. The latter mode of operation is of dubious efficacy and, in any case, will probably be the technique of choice only in specialized sub-fields involving preliminary laboratory-type experiments under free-fall or low g conditions. But some is conducted by human flight crews performing direct hands-on manipulation of equipment.
Most space science has been and will continue to be conducted by unmanned, automated, commandable spacecraft. But it can be and sometimes is experimental in the sense that artificial conditions are created and the consequences observed. Space science is primarily observational and interpretative, being directed toward the investigation of natural conditions and natural phenomena. The distinctive features of space science are the use of rocket vehicles for propelling scientific equipment through and beyond the appreciable atmosphere of the earth the rigorous mechanical, electrical, and thermal requirements on such equipment and (usually) the remote control of the equipment and the radio transmission of data from distant points in space to an investigator at a ground laboratory.
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Rather it is a loosely defined mixture of all of these fields plus an exotic and expensive operational style. Space science is not a professional discipline in the usual sense of that term as exemplified by the traditional terms astronomy, geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. "What is a Space Scientist? An Autobiographical Example," Originally published For Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, June 1989 In addition to detailing Van Allen's productive research career, these records illuminate broader themes in the evolution of science after World War II. The papers span fifty years and provide ample documentation of his central participation in this signal scientific achievement of the 20th century. Van Allen, 1914-, comprise a diverse and rich record of one of the leading scientists in the early exploration and study of the upper atmosphere, the near-Earth space environment, and the solar system using rocket propelled vehicles. Van Allen, James Alfred, 1914- Size of collectionĢ10.5 linear feet Short description of collection Van Allen Papers, 1938-1990 Description of Collection Repository
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